{"id":86,"date":"2024-10-08T16:47:16","date_gmt":"2024-10-08T19:47:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.requalify.ai\/?p=86"},"modified":"2025-04-30T09:15:54","modified_gmt":"2025-04-30T12:15:54","slug":"a-forca-da-observacao-participante","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/requalify.ai\/zh\/a-forca-da-observacao-participante\/","title":{"rendered":"\u53c2\u4e0e\u5f0f\u89c2\u5bdf\uff1a\u6df1\u5165\u5b9e\u5730"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n
\n

\u53c2\u4e0e\u5f0f\u89c2\u5bdf\u662f\u5b9a\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u4e00\u9879\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u6c89\u6d78\u5728\u6240\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u66f4\u6df1\u5165\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u793e\u4f1a\u4e92\u52a8\u548c\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u8d4b\u4e88\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u5bf9\u4e8e\u63a2\u7d22\u4eba\u7c7b\u52a8\u6001\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u5e76\u53ef\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u77e5\u8bc6\u9886\u57df\u5f97\u5230\u5e94\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u5b9a\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u7684\u53c2\u4e0e\u5f0f\u89c2\u5bdf<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n
\n

\u53c2\u4e0e\u5f0f\u89c2\u5bdf\u662f\u5b9a\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u6838\u5fc3\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u878d\u5165\u6240\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u73b0\u8c61\u63d0\u4f9b\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u6536\u96c6\u80cc\u666f\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3b\u4f53\u548c\u96c6\u4f53\u6839\u636e\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6240\u8d4b\u4e88\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\uff08Merriam & Tisdell\uff0c2016\uff09\u3002\u4e0e\u5b9a\u91cf\u65b9\u6cd5\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u5b9a\u6027\u7814\u7a76\uff08\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u6559\u80b2\u7b49\u9886\u57df\uff09\u8bd5\u56fe\u63a2\u7d22\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e92\u52a8\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\uff08Denzin & Lincoln\uff0c2018\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\n

\u53c2\u4e0e\u5f0f\u89c2\u5bdf\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u80cc\u666f\u548c\u5f53\u524d\u610f\u4e49<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n
\n

\u5b9a\u6027\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u53c2\u4e0e\u5f0f\u89c2\u5bdf\uff0c\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5e94\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u5b9e\u8bc1\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u800c\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u8bd5\u56fe\u7406\u89e3\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e92\u52a8\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\uff08Geertz\uff0c1973\uff09\u3002\u53c2\u4e0e\u5f0f\u89c2\u5bdf\u81ea\u8bde\u751f\u4ee5\u6765\u5c31\u88ab\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u548c\u6559\u80b2\u5b66\u7b49\u5b66\u79d1\u3002\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0e\u6559\u80b2\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u80cc\u666f\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e86\u89e3\u6587\u5316\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u52a8\u6001\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\uff08Creswell\uff0c2013\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u5b9a\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u53c2\u4e0e\u89c2\u5bdf\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u5b9a\u4e49<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n
\n

\u53c2\u4e0e\u5f0f\u89c2\u5bdf<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n
\n

\u53c2\u4e0e\u5f0f\u89c2\u5bdf\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u79ef\u6781\u53c2\u4e0e\u7814\u7a76\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u76f4\u63a5\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6536\u96c6\u6570\u636e\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8be5\u6280\u672f\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u590d\u6742\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e92\u52a8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u76f8\u5173\u73b0\u8c61\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\uff08Spradley\uff0c2016\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u5173\u4e8e\u53c2\u4e0e\u5f0f\u89c2\u5bdf\u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u9519\u8bef\u548c\u8bef\u89e3<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n
\n

\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u662f\u5c06\u53c2\u4e0e\u5f0f\u89c2\u5bdf\u4e0e\u975e\u53c2\u4e0e\u5f0f\u89c2\u5bdf\u76f8\u6df7\u6dc6\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u4e0d\u6d89\u53ca\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u4e0e\u7814\u7a76\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u4e92\u52a8\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u53c2\u4e0e\u5f0f\u89c2\u5bdf\u5e94\u8be5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5ba2\u89c2\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u4e3b\u89c2\u6027\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u6570\u636e\u6536\u96c6\u548c\u5206\u6790\uff08Hammersley\uff0c1992\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u5173\u4e8e\u8be5\u4e3b\u9898\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u95ee\u9898<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n
\n
    \n
  1. \u5b9a\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u53c2\u4e0e\u89c2\u5bdf\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6311\u6218\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f
    <\/strong>\u6311\u6218\u5305\u62ec\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u4e3b\u89c2\u6027\u3001\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u6570\u636e\u6536\u96c6\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4fdd\u6301\u4e2d\u7acb\u7acb\u573a\u7684\u56f0\u96be\uff08Hammersley & Atkinson\uff0c2007\uff09\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u6c89\u6d78\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u4e0e\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u5efa\u7acb\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u96be\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u89e3\u91ca\u504f\u5dee\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n
    \u00a0<\/div>\n
    \n
      \n
    1. \u53c2\u4e0e\u89c2\u5bdf\u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u54cd\u6570\u636e\u89e3\u91ca\uff1f
      <\/strong>\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6539\u53d8\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u6570\u636e\u6536\u96c6\u53ef\u80fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u53cd\u6620\u6240\u7814\u7a76\u73af\u5883\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u60c5\u51b5\uff08Gold\uff0c1958\uff09\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u5fc5\u987b\u4f7f\u7528\u4e09\u89d2\u6d4b\u91cf\u548c\u4e34\u754c\u53cd\u5c04\u6280\u672f\u6765\u5c3d\u91cf\u51cf\u5c11\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u6240\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u626d\u66f2\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n
      \u00a0<\/div>\n
      \n
        \n
      1. \u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u53c2\u4e0e\u8be5\u9886\u57df\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u5f71\u54cd\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f
        <\/strong>\u4f26\u7406\u5f71\u54cd\u5305\u62ec\u9700\u8981\u83b7\u5f97\u77e5\u60c5\u540c\u610f\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u7684\u9690\u79c1\u5e76\u53cd\u601d\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u5bf9\u793e\u4ea4\u4e92\u52a8\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u8981\u7d20\uff08Liamputtong\uff0c2007\uff09\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u5fc5\u987b\u51c6\u5907\u597d\u5e94\u5bf9\u9053\u5fb7\u56f0\u5883\uff0c\u4fdd\u6301\u900f\u660e\u5ea6\u5e76\u5c0a\u91cd\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u7684\u6743\u5229\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n
        \u00a0<\/div>\n
        \n

        \u53cd\u8eab\u6027\u5728\u5b9a\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n
        \n

        \u53cd\u8eab\u6027\u662f\u5b9a\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u6307\u7684\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u53cd\u601d\u81ea\u5df1\u5bf9\u7814\u7a76\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u5373\uff0c\u8fd9\u5305\u62ec\u8ba4\u8bc6\u53ef\u80fd\u5f71\u54cd\u6570\u636e\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u504f\u89c1\u3001\u4fe1\u5ff5\u548c\u4e2a\u4eba\u7ecf\u5386\uff08Finlay\uff0c2002\uff09\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u53cd\u601d\u6027\u4f7f\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u66f4\u52a0\u4e86\u89e3\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u53c2\u4e0e\u5f0f\u89c2\u5bdf\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

        \n

        \u6570\u636e\u4e09\u89d2\u6d4b\u91cf\u65b9\u6cd5\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7814\u7a76\u7ed3\u679c<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n
        \n

        \u6570\u636e\u4e09\u89d2\u6d4b\u91cf\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u6e90\u6216\u6536\u96c6\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8c03\u67e5\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u62ec\u5c06\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u89c2\u5bdf\u4e0e\u8bbf\u8c08\u548c\u6587\u732e\u5206\u6790\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\uff08Flick\uff0c2018\uff09\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e09\u89d2\u6d4b\u91cf\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u53ef\u4fe1\u5ea6\u548c\u7a33\u5065\u6027\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5bf9\u6240\u7814\u7a76\u73b0\u8c61\u66f4\u5168\u9762\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u5e76\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u540e\u7eed\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

        \n

        \u91c7\u7528\u53c2\u4e0e\u5f0f\u89c2\u5bdf\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u7814\u7a76\u793a\u4f8b<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n
        \n

        \u53c2\u4e0e\u5f0f\u89c2\u5bdf\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u663e\u8457\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\u5bf9\u8bfe\u5802\u6559\u80b2\u5b9e\u8df5\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u878d\u5165\u5b66\u6821\u73af\u5883\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u80fd\u591f\u6355\u6349\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u5f0f\u96be\u4ee5\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u52a8\u6001\u548c\u4e92\u52a8\uff08Woods\uff0c1992\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u5b66\u751f\u4e0e\u6559\u5e08\u4e4b\u95f4\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5b9d\u8d35\u89c1\u89e3\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4fc3\u8fdb\u5305\u5bb9\u6027\u5b66\u4e60\u73af\u5883\u7684\u6559\u5b66\u5b9e\u8df5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

        \n

        \u672a\u6765\u5f71\u54cd<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n
        \n

        \u5b9a\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u65e5\u76ca\u6570\u5b57\u5316\u548c\u6280\u672f\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ef\u4ee5\u6539\u53d8\u901a\u8fc7\u53c2\u4e0e\u89c2\u5bdf\u6536\u96c6\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5206\u6790\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd8\u6269\u5927\u4e86\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u5de5\u5177\uff08\u4f8b\u5982 requalify.ai<\/a>\uff0c\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u5927\u91cf\u5b9a\u6027\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5206\u6790\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6280\u672f\u7684\u6574\u5408\u4f7f\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u80fd\u591f\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u5730\u6536\u96c6\u548c\u5206\u6790\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5e76\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e0e\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u4e92\u52a8\u7684\u65b0\u65b9\u5f0f\uff08Buchanan \u7b49\u4eba\uff0c2020 \u5e74\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

        \n

        \u6709\u6548\u53c2\u4e0e\u89c2\u5bdf\u7684\u6280\u5de7<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n
        \n
          \n
        1. \n

          \u8bb0\u5f55\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u5b9e\u5730\u65e5\u8bb0<\/strong>\uff1a\u8bb0\u5f55\u7814\u7a76\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\u548c\u53cd\u601d\u3002\u8fd9\u5c06\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u8bb0\u5f55\u4f60\u7684\u7ecf\u5386\u5e76\u53cd\u601d\u4f60\u5728\u8be5\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\uff08Emerson \u7b49\uff0c2011\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        2. \n

          \u6ce8\u610f\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u548c\u504f\u89c1<\/strong>\uff1a\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u60a8\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u7ecf\u5386\u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u54cd\u6570\u636e\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u5bf9\u4e8e\u786e\u4fdd\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\uff08Finlay\uff0c2002\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        3. \n

          \u4f7f\u7528\u4e09\u89d2\u6d4b\u91cf\u6280\u672f<\/strong>\uff1a\u5c06\u89c2\u5bdf\u4e0e\u8bbf\u8c08\u548c\u6587\u732e\u5206\u6790\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u4ee5\u9a8c\u8bc1\u60a8\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u5e76\u4e30\u5bcc\u60a8\u5bf9\u6240\u7814\u7a76\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff08Flick\uff0c2018\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n

          \n

          \u7ed3\u8bba<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n
          \n

          \u53c2\u4e0e\u5f0f\u89c2\u5bdf\u662f\u5b9a\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u7684\u6709\u529b\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u4e30\u5bcc\u3001\u5177\u4f53\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u793e\u4f1a\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u878d\u5165\u7814\u7a76\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u53ef\u4ee5\u6355\u6349\u5230\u5728\u66f4\u9065\u8fdc\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\u4f1a\u4e22\u5931\u7684\u7ec6\u5fae\u5dee\u522b\u548c\u542b\u4e49\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u5fc5\u987b\u53cd\u601d\u548c\u6279\u5224\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u53ef\u80fd\u5bf9\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u79cd\u53cd\u7701\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6700\u5927\u9650\u5ea6\u5730\u51cf\u5c11\u504f\u89c1\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5b9a\u6027\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u7684\u6f14\u53d8\u4e0e\u6280\u672f\u7684\u8fd0\u7528\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u6709\u671b\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u62d3\u5c55\u5b9a\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u524d\u6cbf\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u73b0\u8c61\u8fdb\u884c\u66f4\u6df1\u5165\u3001\u66f4\u5168\u9762\u7684\u5206\u6790\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

          \n

          \u5e38\u89c1\u95ee\u9898 \u2013 \u5b9a\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u7684\u53c2\u4e0e\u5f0f\u89c2\u5bdf<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n
          \n

          1. \u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u53c2\u4e0e\u5f0f\u89c2\u5bdf\uff1f<\/strong>
          \u53c2\u4e0e\u5f0f\u89c2\u5bdf\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5b9a\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u79ef\u6781\u53c2\u4e0e\u7814\u7a76\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u76f4\u63a5\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6536\u96c6\u6570\u636e\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6280\u672f\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u6559\u80b2\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u7279\u522b\u6709\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

          \n

          2. \u5b9a\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/strong>
          \u5b9a\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u6807\u5305\u62ec\u6839\u636e\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u611f\u77e5\u548c\u610f\u4e49\u6765\u7406\u89e3\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u4eba\u7c7b\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u63a2\u7d22\u4eba\u7c7b\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u4e92\u52a8\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

          \n

          3. \u53c2\u4e0e\u5f0f\u89c2\u5bdf\u9762\u4e34\u54ea\u4e9b\u6311\u6218\uff1f<\/strong>
          \u6311\u6218\u5305\u62ec\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u4e3b\u89c2\u6027\u3001\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u5728\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u6570\u636e\u6536\u96c6\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4fdd\u6301\u4e2d\u7acb\u7acb\u573a\u7684\u56f0\u96be\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5143\u7d20\u662f\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u6240\u7528\u3002\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

          \n

          4. \u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u54cd\u6570\u636e\u6536\u96c6\uff1f<\/strong>
          \u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6539\u53d8\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u6570\u636e\u6536\u96c6\u53ef\u80fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u53cd\u6620\u6240\u7814\u7a76\u73af\u5883\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u8fd9\u786e\u5b9e\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f46\u5f88\u591a\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u8981\u60f3\u88ab\u4eba\u77e5\u6653\uff0c\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u8003\u8651\u8fd9\u79cd\u504f\u89c1\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u3002\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

          \n

          5.\u53c2\u4e0e\u5f0f\u89c2\u5bdf\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u542b\u4e49\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/strong>
          \u4f26\u7406\u5f71\u54cd\u5305\u62ec\u9700\u8981\u83b7\u5f97\u77e5\u60c5\u540c\u610f\u3001\u786e\u4fdd\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u7684\u9690\u79c1\u4ee5\u53ca\u53cd\u601d\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u4e92\u52a8\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u7c7b\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8981\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

          \u00a0<\/div>\n
          \n

          \u53c2\u8003<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n
          \n

          Buchanan\uff0cE. A.\uff0cEss\uff0cC.\uff0c\uff06McBride\uff0cK.\uff082020\u5e74\uff09\u3002 \u6570\u5b57\u7814\u7a76\u4f26\u7406\uff1a\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u5b9e\u8df5\u89c6\u89d2<\/em>\u3002\u52b3\u7279\u5229\u5947\u3002<\/p>\n

          Creswell\uff0cJ.W.\uff082013 \u5e74\uff09\u3002 \u5b9a\u6027\u63a2\u7a76\u4e0e\u7814\u7a76\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff1a\u4e94\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u9009\u62e9<\/em>\u3002 Sage \u51fa\u7248\u7269\u3002<\/p>\n

          Denzin, N. K. \u548c Lincoln, Y. S. (2018)\u3002 SAGE \u5b9a\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u624b\u518c<\/em>\u3002 Sage \u51fa\u7248\u7269\u3002<\/p>\n

          \u827e\u9ed8\u751f\uff0cR.M.\u3001\u5f17\u96f7\u8328\uff0cR.I. \u548c\u8096\uff0cL.L. (2011)\u3002 \u64b0\u5199\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u7530\u91ce\u7b14\u8bb0<\/em>\u3002\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u3002<\/p>\n

          Finlay\uff0cL.\uff082002\uff09\u3002 \u201c\u51fa\u67dc\u201d\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\uff1a\u53cd\u601d\u6027\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u3001\u8fc7\u7a0b\u548c\u5b9e\u8df5\u3002 \u8d28\u6027\u5065\u5eb7\u7814\u7a76<\/em>, 12(4), 531-545.<\/p>\n

          Flick\uff0cU.\uff082018\uff09\u3002 \u5b9a\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u7b80\u4ecb<\/em>\u3002 Sage \u51fa\u7248\u7269\u3002<\/p>\n

          \u683c\u5c14\u8328\uff0cC.\uff081973 \u5e74\uff09\u3002 \u6587\u5316\u8be0\u91ca<\/em>\u3002\u57fa\u7840\u4e66\u7c4d\u3002<\/p>\n

          \u6208\u5c14\u5fb7\uff0cR. L.\uff081958 \u5e74\uff09\u3002\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u5b9e\u5730\u89c2\u5bdf\u4e2d\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002 \u793e\u4f1a\u529b\u91cf<\/em>, 36(3), 217-223.<\/p>\n

          Hammersley\uff0cM.\uff081992 \u5e74\uff09\u3002\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u95ee\u9898\uff1f \u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u63a2\u7d22<\/em>\u3002\u52b3\u7279\u5229\u5947\u3002<\/p>\n

          Hammersley\uff0cM.\uff0c\uff06Atkinson\uff0cP.\uff082007\uff09\u3002 \u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\uff1a\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u7684\u539f\u5219<\/em>\u3002\u52b3\u7279\u5229\u5947\u3002<\/p>\n

          Liamputtong\uff0cP.\uff082007\uff09\u3002 \u7814\u7a76\u5f31\u52bf\u7fa4\u4f53\uff1a\u654f\u611f\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u6307\u5357<\/em>\u3002 Sage \u51fa\u7248\u7269\u3002<\/p>\n

          Merriam, S. B. \u548c Tisdell, E. J. (2016)\u3002 \u5b9a\u6027\u7814\u7a76\uff1a\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e0e\u5b9e\u65bd\u6307\u5357<\/em>\u3002\u4e54\u897f\u00b7\u5df4\u65af\u3002<\/p>\n

          Spradley\uff0cJ.P.\uff082016 \u5e74\uff09\u3002 \u53c2\u4e0e\u5f0f\u89c2\u5bdf<\/em>\u3002\u97e6\u592b\u5170\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u3002<\/p>\n

          Woods\uff0cP.\uff081992 \u5e74\uff09\u3002 \u6559\u5b66\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u60c5\u5883\uff1a\u8bfe\u5802\u5e08\u751f\u4e92\u52a8\u7814\u7a76<\/em>\u3002\u52b3\u7279\u5229\u5947\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

          \u00a0<\/div>\n
          \u00a0<\/div>\n
          \u00a0<\/div>\n
          \u00a0<\/div>\n\n\n

          <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

          A observa\u00e7\u00e3o participante \u00e9 uma t\u00e9cnica essencial na pesquisa qualitativa, pois permite ao pesquisador imergir no ambiente estudado, alcan\u00e7ando uma compreens\u00e3o mais profunda das intera\u00e7\u00f5es sociais e dos significados atribu\u00eddos pelos participantes. Dessa forma, essa abordagem se mostra crucial para explorar a complexidade das din\u00e2micas humanas e encontra aplica\u00e7\u00e3o em diversas \u00e1reas do conhecimento. Observa\u00e7\u00e3o […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1827,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[31],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-86","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-metodos-de-pesquisa-qualitativa"],"yoast_head":"\nObserva\u00e7\u00e3o Participante: Mergulhando no Campo - requalify<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Observa\u00e7\u00e3o participante na pesquisa qualitativa: conceitos, desafios, \u00e9tica e o impacto das novas tecnologias.\u201d\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/requalify.ai\/zh\/a-forca-da-observacao-participante\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"zh_CN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Observa\u00e7\u00e3o Participante: Mergulhando no Campo - 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